shampoos used Sodium Pyrithione

Sodium Pyrithione (NaPT; C5H4NOSNa), also known as Pyrithione Sodium, is an antimicrobial and antifungal compound supplied as a white to off-white powder or a stable 40% liquid solution, readily soluble in water and ethanol. It is effective against molds such as Aspergillus niger and bacteria such as E. coli, and is widely used in cosmetics, coatings, textiles, leather, water treatment, and marine antifouling as a preservative, bactericide, and dyeing auxiliary. Its broad-spectrum action involves chelating essential metal ions (e.g., Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺), disrupting microbial cell membranes, and inhibiting ATP synthesis. NaPT offers long-lasting protection, good thermal stability, and a relatively low environmental impact.